GSCA-SEM (generalized structured component analysis structural equation modeling) is an umbrella term that encompasses three SEM methods, including GSCA, GSCA_M, and IGSCA.

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GSCA [12, 13] was developed for component-based SEM, where all constructs are represented by components or weighted sums of observed variables. GSCA_M [11] was for factor-based SEM, where all constructs are represented by (latent) factors. IGSCA (Integrated GSCA) [26] is a recent method for estimating models with both factors and components.